{
  "apiVersion": "v0.1",
  "methodology": "https://sourcescore.org/methodology/",
  "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/best/sources-overall/",
  "list": {
    "slug": "sources-overall",
    "title": "Best sources overall for AI citation",
    "intent": "Top 25 sources on the SourceScore Index",
    "description": "The 25 highest-scoring sources on the SourceScore Index — ranked by composite Citation Discipline + Modern Reference + Citation Velocity. The ones AI engines surface first.",
    "rationale": "These 25 sources combine the highest editorial discipline, deepest machine-readability, and strongest tier-1 citation velocity in the SourceScore dataset. They are the workhorses of AI-era citation — the sources ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, and Gemini surface by default when accuracy matters.",
    "signalCriterion": "SourceScore Index (composite weighted mean), descending"
  },
  "count": 25,
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    {
      "rank": 1,
      "slug": "sec-gov",
      "name": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
      "domain": "sec.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Primary-source regulator publishing every public-company filing (13F, 10-K, 8-K, etc.) since 1934.",
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        "index": 96,
        "indexGrade": "A+",
        "discipline": 98,
        "modernReference": 95,
        "velocity": 95
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "slug": "nih-gov",
      "name": "U.S. National Institutes of Health",
      "domain": "nih.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "U.S. federal medical research agency operating PubMed, NCBI, MedlinePlus, and trial registries.",
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      "scores": {
        "index": 95,
        "indexGrade": "A+",
        "discipline": 95,
        "modernReference": 94,
        "velocity": 96
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "slug": "doi-org",
      "name": "DOI (CrossRef Resolver)",
      "domain": "doi.org",
      "category": "Academic",
      "summary": "International standard identifier resolver for academic citations (~150M+ DOIs).",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/doi-org/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/doi-org.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 95,
        "indexGrade": "A+",
        "discipline": 92,
        "modernReference": 98,
        "velocity": 95
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "slug": "federal-reserve",
      "name": "Federal Reserve System",
      "domain": "federalreserve.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "U.S. central bank; primary source for monetary policy + economic data + financial-system statistics.",
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      "scores": {
        "index": 95,
        "indexGrade": "A+",
        "discipline": 96,
        "modernReference": 94,
        "velocity": 95
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "slug": "wikipedia-en",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "domain": "en.wikipedia.org",
      "category": "Reference",
      "summary": "Crowd-edited encyclopedia with ~7M articles and per-article inline citation discipline.",
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      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/wikipedia-en.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 94,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 96,
        "modernReference": 92,
        "velocity": 95
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    {
      "rank": 6,
      "slug": "pubmed",
      "name": "PubMed",
      "domain": "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "category": "Academic",
      "summary": "U.S. National Library of Medicine literature index covering ~36M biomedical citations.",
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      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/pubmed.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 94,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 96,
        "modernReference": 92,
        "velocity": 94
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "slug": "census-gov",
      "name": "U.S. Census Bureau",
      "domain": "census.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal statistical agency for U.S. demographic + economic data; primary-source decennial census + ACS surveys.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/census-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/census-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 94,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 95,
        "modernReference": 94,
        "velocity": 93
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "slug": "bls-gov",
      "name": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics",
      "domain": "bls.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal statistical agency for U.S. labor + price data; CPI, employment, unemployment, productivity.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/bls-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/bls-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 94,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 95,
        "modernReference": 93,
        "velocity": 94
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "slug": "fda-gov",
      "name": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration",
      "domain": "fda.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal agency for food + drug + medical-device safety; primary-source approvals + safety alerts.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/fda-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/fda-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 94,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 96,
        "modernReference": 92,
        "velocity": 94
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "slug": "cdc-gov",
      "name": "U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention",
      "domain": "cdc.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal agency for U.S. public-health surveillance + disease prevention; primary-source MMWR + WONDER data.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/cdc-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/cdc-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 94,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 95,
        "modernReference": 93,
        "velocity": 94
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "slug": "noaa-gov",
      "name": "U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration",
      "domain": "noaa.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal scientific agency for weather + ocean + climate data; primary-source forecasts + climate research.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/noaa-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/noaa-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 93,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 95,
        "modernReference": 92,
        "velocity": 91
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "slug": "ecb",
      "name": "European Central Bank",
      "domain": "ecb.europa.eu",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "EU central bank; primary source for euro-area monetary policy + financial-system data.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/ecb/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/ecb.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 93,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 95,
        "modernReference": 92,
        "velocity": 92
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "slug": "nasa-gov",
      "name": "NASA",
      "domain": "nasa.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "U.S. space agency; primary source for space exploration + Earth science + aeronautics research.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/nasa-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/nasa-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 93,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 94,
        "modernReference": 94,
        "velocity": 92
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "slug": "mdn-web-docs",
      "name": "MDN Web Docs",
      "domain": "developer.mozilla.org",
      "category": "Reference",
      "summary": "Mozilla-stewarded web-platform reference since 2005; default citation for HTML, CSS, JS, Web APIs.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/mdn-web-docs/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/mdn-web-docs.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 93,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 92,
        "modernReference": 95,
        "velocity": 92
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "slug": "ec-europa",
      "name": "European Commission",
      "domain": "ec.europa.eu",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "EU executive branch publishing primary-source policy + statistics + legislation.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/ec-europa/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/ec-europa.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 92,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 94,
        "modernReference": 90,
        "velocity": 92
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "slug": "bank-of-england",
      "name": "Bank of England",
      "domain": "bankofengland.co.uk",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "UK central bank; primary source for sterling monetary policy + financial-stability data since 1694.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/bank-of-england/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/bank-of-england.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 92,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 94,
        "modernReference": 90,
        "velocity": 90
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "slug": "eia-gov",
      "name": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
      "domain": "eia.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal energy statistical agency; primary source for U.S. + international energy data + projections.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/eia-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/eia-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 92,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 94,
        "modernReference": 91,
        "velocity": 90
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "slug": "cern",
      "name": "CERN",
      "domain": "home.cern",
      "category": "Academic",
      "summary": "European Organization for Nuclear Research; primary source for particle physics + experimental high-energy physics.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/cern/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/cern.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 92,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 96,
        "modernReference": 91,
        "velocity": 89
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "slug": "pnas",
      "name": "PNAS",
      "domain": "pnas.org",
      "category": "Academic",
      "summary": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal since 1914.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/pnas/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/pnas.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 92,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 96,
        "modernReference": 88,
        "velocity": 90
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "slug": "ema-europa",
      "name": "European Medicines Agency",
      "domain": "ema.europa.eu",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "EU agency for evaluation + supervision of medicinal products; primary-source EU drug approvals.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/ema-europa/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/ema-europa.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 91,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 94,
        "modernReference": 89,
        "velocity": 90
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "slug": "uspto-gov",
      "name": "U.S. Patent and Trademark Office",
      "domain": "uspto.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal agency granting U.S. patents + trademarks; primary-source patent + trademark database.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/uspto-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/uspto-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 91,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 95,
        "modernReference": 88,
        "velocity": 86
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "slug": "usda-gov",
      "name": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
      "domain": "usda.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal agriculture agency; primary source for U.S. food, farm, and rural-development data + research.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/usda-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/usda-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 91,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 94,
        "modernReference": 89,
        "velocity": 89
      }
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "slug": "usgs-gov",
      "name": "U.S. Geological Survey",
      "domain": "usgs.gov",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal scientific agency for earth sciences; primary source for geology + hydrology + earthquake data.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/usgs-gov/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/usgs-gov.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 91,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 95,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "slug": "oecd",
      "name": "OECD",
      "domain": "oecd.org",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; international economic data + policy research.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/oecd/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/oecd.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 91,
        "indexGrade": "A",
        "discipline": 93,
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        "velocity": 89
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    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "slug": "fred-stlouisfed",
      "name": "FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data)",
      "domain": "fred.stlouisfed.org",
      "category": "Government",
      "summary": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis economic data infrastructure; ~800k+ data series.",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/fred-stlouisfed/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/fred-stlouisfed.json",
      "scores": {
        "index": 91,
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        "discipline": 94,
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        "velocity": 88
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    }
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  "license": {
    "methodology": "Cite as: SourceScore Methodology v0.1, sourcescore.org",
    "data": "Underlying public-source data credited to original publishers"
  }
}