{
  "apiVersion": "v0.1",
  "methodology": "https://sourcescore.org/methodology/modern-reference/",
  "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/category/academic/modern-reference/",
  "facet": {
    "category": "Academic",
    "categorySlug": "academic",
    "dimension": {
      "key": "modernReference",
      "pathSegment": "modern-reference",
      "label": "Modern Citation Reference",
      "weightInComposite": "30%"
    }
  },
  "count": 19,
  "means": {
    "category": 87,
    "global": 81,
    "deltaVsGlobal": 6
  },
  "leader": {
    "slug": "doi-org",
    "name": "DOI (CrossRef Resolver)",
    "domain": "doi.org",
    "value": 98,
    "grade": "A+",
    "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/doi-org/",
    "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/doi-org/"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "slug": "doi-org",
      "name": "DOI (CrossRef Resolver)",
      "domain": "doi.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/doi-org/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/doi-org/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/doi-org.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 98,
        "grade": "A+",
        "rationale": "Permanent URL resolution + free metadata API (CrossRef); near-universal LLM training-corpus inclusion."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": 11
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "slug": "arxiv",
      "name": "arXiv",
      "domain": "arxiv.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/arxiv/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/arxiv/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/arxiv.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 95,
        "grade": "A+",
        "rationale": "DOI + arxiv ID + free PDFs + bulk APIs; among the most LLM-cited sources for technical content."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": 8
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "slug": "pubmed",
      "name": "PubMed",
      "domain": "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/pubmed/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/pubmed/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/pubmed.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 92,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "E-utilities API + free full-text search + bulk dataset downloads; broad LLM corpus inclusion."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": 5
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "slug": "semantic-scholar",
      "name": "Semantic Scholar",
      "domain": "semanticscholar.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/semantic-scholar/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/semantic-scholar/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/semantic-scholar.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 92,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Free public API + bulk corpus + CC-licensed metadata; broad LLM corpus inclusion."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": 5
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "slug": "cern",
      "name": "CERN",
      "domain": "home.cern",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/cern/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/cern/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/cern.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 91,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Open data portal + ROOT framework + bulk physics data."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": 4
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "slug": "pnas",
      "name": "PNAS",
      "domain": "pnas.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/pnas/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/pnas/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/pnas.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 88,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "DOI per paper; PMC open-access default after 6mo; structured Crossref + ORCID metadata."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": 1
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "slug": "elife",
      "name": "eLife",
      "domain": "elifesciences.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/elife/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/elife/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/elife.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 88,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "CC-BY licensed; APIs + bulk corpus; broad LLM training-data inclusion."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": 1
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "slug": "anthropic-research",
      "name": "Anthropic Research",
      "domain": "anthropic.com",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/anthropic-research/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/anthropic-research/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/anthropic-research.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 88,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Open papers + model cards + research blog; broad LLM corpus inclusion."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": 1
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "slug": "plos-one",
      "name": "PLOS ONE",
      "domain": "journals.plos.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/plos-one/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/plos-one/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/plos-one.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 88,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "CC-BY licensed; full-text APIs; broad LLM corpus + academic search inclusion."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": 1
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "slug": "nber",
      "name": "National Bureau of Economic Research",
      "domain": "nber.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/nber/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/nber/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/nber.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 86,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Free working papers + APIs + bulk download; broad LLM corpus inclusion."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -1
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "slug": "deepmind-research",
      "name": "Google DeepMind Research",
      "domain": "deepmind.google",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/deepmind-research/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/deepmind-research/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/deepmind-research.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 86,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Open papers + AlphaFold open-access + research blog; broad LLM corpus."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -1
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "slug": "openai-research",
      "name": "OpenAI Research",
      "domain": "openai.com",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/openai-research/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/openai-research/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/openai-research.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 86,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Open papers + research blog + technical reports; broad LLM corpus."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -1
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "slug": "nature",
      "name": "Nature",
      "domain": "nature.com",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/nature/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/nature/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/nature.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 85,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "DOIs are first-class citations in LLM training; abstracts well-indexed."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -2
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "slug": "science-org",
      "name": "Science",
      "domain": "science.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/science-org/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/science-org/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/science-org.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 84,
        "grade": "B",
        "rationale": "DOIs + structured abstracts; first-class LLM citation source for science."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -3
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "slug": "mit-csail",
      "name": "MIT CSAIL",
      "domain": "csail.mit.edu",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/mit-csail/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/mit-csail/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/mit-csail.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 84,
        "grade": "B",
        "rationale": "Open papers + arxiv preprints + lab websites; broad academic-search inclusion."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -3
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "slug": "cochrane",
      "name": "Cochrane Library",
      "domain": "cochranelibrary.com",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/cochrane/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/cochrane/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/cochrane.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 80,
        "grade": "B",
        "rationale": "DOI per review; Crossref + ORCID; open-access in eligible countries; paywall elsewhere."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -7
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "slug": "acm",
      "name": "Association for Computing Machinery",
      "domain": "dl.acm.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/acm/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/acm/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/acm.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 80,
        "grade": "B",
        "rationale": "ACM Digital Library + DOI per paper; metered access to most papers."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -7
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "slug": "cell",
      "name": "Cell",
      "domain": "cell.com",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/cell/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/cell/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/cell.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 78,
        "grade": "B",
        "rationale": "DOI per paper; Crossref metadata; abstracts open but full text Elsevier-paywalled."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -9
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "slug": "jstor",
      "name": "JSTOR",
      "domain": "jstor.org",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/jstor/",
      "dimensionDetail": "https://sourcescore.org/modern-reference/jstor/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/jstor.json",
      "score": {
        "value": 75,
        "grade": "B",
        "rationale": "DOI per paper; structured metadata; access tiered (institutional, individual, free archive 'JPASS')."
      },
      "deltaVsCategoryMean": -12
    }
  ],
  "otherDimensions": [
    {
      "pathSegment": "discipline",
      "label": "Citation Discipline",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/category/academic/discipline/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/category/academic/discipline.json"
    },
    {
      "pathSegment": "velocity",
      "label": "Citation Velocity",
      "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/category/academic/velocity/",
      "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/category/academic/velocity.json"
    }
  ],
  "categoryComposite": {
    "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/category/academic/",
    "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/category/academic.json"
  },
  "license": {
    "methodology": "Cite as: SourceScore Methodology v0.1, sourcescore.org",
    "data": "Underlying public-source data credited to original publishers"
  }
}