{
  "apiVersion": "v0.1",
  "methodology": "https://sourcescore.org/methodology/",
  "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/compare/ema-europa-vs-fda-gov/",
  "summary": "EU vs US drug regulators — centralized European authorization vs FDA's domestic gatekeeping.",
  "a": {
    "slug": "ema-europa",
    "name": "European Medicines Agency",
    "domain": "ema.europa.eu",
    "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/ema-europa/",
    "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/ema-europa.json",
    "scores": {
      "index": {
        "value": 91,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "A+ — EU primary-source drug regulator; counterpart to FDA in EU pharmaceutical citation.",
        "signals": [
          {
            "label": "Composite",
            "detail": "All 4 dimensions ≥88."
          }
        ]
      },
      "discipline": {
        "value": 94,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Statutory peer-review + scientific committees; safety monitoring + EPAR documents public.",
        "signals": [
          {
            "label": "EPARs",
            "detail": "European Public Assessment Reports — public regulatory rationale per drug."
          }
        ]
      },
      "modernReference": {
        "value": 89,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Open data + structured documents; multi-language EU coverage.",
        "signals": [
          {
            "label": "EMA databases",
            "detail": "Public databases for drugs + clinical trials + safety alerts."
          }
        ]
      },
      "velocity": {
        "value": 90,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Cited regularly by EU health press + scientific literature.",
        "signals": [
          {
            "label": "EU drug-approval cycle",
            "detail": "Major EMA decisions move EU pharma markets."
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "b": {
    "slug": "fda-gov",
    "name": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration",
    "domain": "fda.gov",
    "canonical": "https://sourcescore.org/source/fda-gov/",
    "api": "https://sourcescore.org/api/source/fda-gov.json",
    "scores": {
      "index": {
        "value": 94,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "A+ — primary-source regulator; default citation for drug-approval + medical-device + food-safety claims.",
        "signals": [
          {
            "label": "Composite",
            "detail": "All 4 dimensions ≥90."
          }
        ]
      },
      "discipline": {
        "value": 96,
        "grade": "A+",
        "rationale": "Statutory regulator with peer-reviewed approvals + safety-monitoring methodology.",
        "signals": [
          {
            "label": "Statutory authority",
            "detail": "Federal regulator under FDCA + FSMA."
          }
        ]
      },
      "modernReference": {
        "value": 92,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "OpenFDA APIs + structured data + bulk downloads; broad LLM corpus.",
        "signals": [
          {
            "label": "OpenFDA API",
            "detail": "Free public APIs for adverse events, recalls, drug labels."
          }
        ]
      },
      "velocity": {
        "value": 94,
        "grade": "A",
        "rationale": "Cited daily by health press + AI engines; FDA decisions are market-moving.",
        "signals": [
          {
            "label": "Drug-approval cycle",
            "detail": "Major FDA decisions drive same-day citation surges."
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "winners": {
    "index": "fda-gov",
    "discipline": "fda-gov",
    "modernReference": "fda-gov",
    "velocity": "fda-gov"
  },
  "license": {
    "methodology": "Cite as: SourceScore Methodology v0.1, sourcescore.org",
    "data": "Underlying public-source data credited to original publishers"
  }
}